Neurotypical vs. Neurodivergent: Understanding the Spectrum of Neurodiversity

Neurodiversity is an important aspect of the human experience. We are all unique, and that means our brains work and process information in different ways. So, what’s the difference between neurotypical vs. neurodivergent people, and what do these terms really mean?

The Meaning of Neurotypical vs. Neurodivergent

Conversations about neurotypical vs. neurodivergent individuals are increasingly common, but what do these terms really mean? In the most general terms, being neurodivergent means your brain works differently from the average, or neurotypical, person. 

Neurotypical is a word used to describe people whose brain development and functioning align with what society considers the accepted standard, or "typical." Neurodivergent or neuroatypical are terms that refer to people whose neurological makeup differs from accepted cultural and societal norms. 

It’s important to note that neither of these is better or worse than the other—they are simply broad, descriptive terms that can help people understand others’ behaviors, quirks, or interests. 

Who Falls Under the Neurodivergent Umbrella?

There are many conditions that fall under the umbrella of neurodiversity. Here’s a short list of neurodivergences you’ve probably heard of:

• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
• Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• Down Syndrome
• Dyslexia, dyscalculia, or dyspraxia
• Intellectual Disabilities
• Sensory Processing Disorder
• Social Anxiety
• Tourette Syndrome

People with certain mental health conditions, such as bipolar disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), are also considered neurodivergent. It’s a broad umbrella that covers a range of circumstances, conditions, and differences that can affect people from all walks of life. 

The popularity of the term “neurodivergent” is often attributed to sociologist Judy Singer in the late 1990s. However, it actually originated from an online community of autistic people and was popularized as part of the neurodiversity movement. This movement frames neurological differences not as deficits or disorders, but as natural variations of the human brain.

Neurodivergent Symptoms to Know

Because there are so many types of neurodivergence, symptoms can show up in many different areas of life. However, there are some common signs that indicate someone may not be neurotypical. Some common signs of neurodivergence include: 

• Executive dysfunction. Many neurodivergent people struggle with planning, organization, time management, and beginning tasks for various reasons. 

• Sensory sensitivities. It’s common for individuals to experience heightened or reduced sensitivity to various stimuli, including noise, light, textures, or smells. This can impact comfort in work or social environments.

• Emotional regulation challenges. Neurodivergent individuals often have intense emotional responses that can seem disproportionate to the situation. They may also struggle to calm down after a distressing experience. 

• Hyperfixation, hyperfocus, or distractibility. Some neurodivergent people may concentrate deeply—almost obsessively—on areas of interest, while struggling to sustain their attention on other tasks.

• Nonlinear thinking. Creativity, pattern recognition, and problem-solving abilities may show up in ways that differ from accepted norms. This can be a strength that is often misunderstood.

• Communication differences. Neurodivergent people may interact with others differently, have trouble understanding social cues, and struggle to interpret the “tone” of a conversation. This leads to perceived “awkwardness” in social situations. 

While some of these symptoms can lead to discomfort and frustration, they are common challenges that many people face every day. With a little learning, it’s indeed possible to live a healthy, happy life as a proud neurodiverse person. 

Tips for Navigating a Neurodiverse Life

Being neurodivergent can come with some challenges, but it doesn’t mean you are “less than” a neurotypical person. History is full of inspiring neurodivergent individuals who have shaped society by sharing their unique perspectives on the world.  

Living as a neurodivergent individual often means learning to move through a world that wasn’t designed with your brain in mind. But with the right strategies and supports, neurodivergent people can thrive. Here are some tips for better navigating a neurodivergent life:

• Prioritize environments that work for you. Whether it’s noise-cancelling headphones, flexible workspaces, or low lighting, choose or create comfortable environments that feel safe, secure, and minimize sensory overload. 

• Advocate for your needs. Whether it's in a classroom, workplace, or healthcare setting, it’s important to communicate what helps you succeed. This might mean requesting reasonable accommodations at school or work, or explaining how you process information best.

• Understand your patterns. Self-awareness is key. Pay attention to where and when you feel most secure, overwhelmed, or energized. Understanding your own sensory needs, attention cycles, and external triggers can help you work with your natural rhythms.

• Build comfortable routines. Create structured routines that support your goals. Neurodivergent people often benefit from predictable structures in their day-to-day lives, but it’s important to maintain some flexibility. Checklists, meal prepping, and a reliable bedtime routine can go a long way toward improving your mental and physical health. 

• Use external supports. Calendars, timers, reminders, and visual cues can support executive functioning and minimize disruptions caused by hyperfixation or distraction. 

• Find a community. Connect with others who share similar experiences. Seek online or in-person support groups, advocacy groups, and clubs that focus on your interests. Being “different” doesn’t have to be lonely!

• Celebrate your strengths. We are all unique and special in our own way. Lean into what energizes you, and recognize that success doesn’t have to look conventional or neurotypical.

In the end, it’s all about getting to know yourself and figuring out what works for you.

Learn More About Living with Autism as an Adult with NeuroNav

At NeuroNav, we understand and celebrate neurodiversity in our community. We believe you deserve access to the services and support that will help you live life to the fullest. If you live in California, you may be eligible for the Self-Determination Program (SDP)—a revolutionary program that allows you to choose the disability supports you need to live a fulfilling, independent life. 

Our independent facilitation services can help guide you through the process. Schedule a consultation today to learn more and discover what’s possible with freedom, choice, and support on your side.